be ‘the primary epistle against Judaism’ (principalem aduersus iudaismum epistulam).5 Marcion’s placing of the epistle has not prevailed, but its primacy of importance among the writings of Paul has been widely, though not universally,6 acknowledged from that day to this. Among the writings of Paul it is with the letter to the Romans that Galatians has the closest affinity. ‘The Epistle to the Galatians’, wrote J. B. Lightfoot, ‘stands in relation to the Roman letter, as the rough model to the